Appaeatus



Winnaar Po'r'rs, 'or HANDSWORTH, ENGLAND.

Letters Patent No. 78,894, dated June 16, 1868.

lIMPROVEMENI IN VBNIILATINGPPARATUS.

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TO ALL TO WI'IOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM POTTS, of Handsworth, in the county of Stafford, England, manufacturer, a subject ofthe Queen of Great Britain, have invented or discovered new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Ventilating Rooms and Buildings, and I, the said WILLIAMPOTTS, do hereby declare the nature of the saidinventioh, and in what manner the same is Ato be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof; that is to sayl My invention consists in constructing and arranging, in the manner hereinafter described, the eornices of rooms or buildings, so as to effect the removal of the hot and vitiated a'ir of the room or building, and the introduction of fresh air by means of the said cornices.. The cornice may be made of any suitable material, due provision being made to secure separate channels for the hot and cold air.

The upper part of the cornice is perforated throughout its whole length, the perforaticnshaving, by preference, an ornamental character, but prefer to cover so as to close the perforations for a suitable distance opposite or beyond each exit-valve,` to prevent downward currents from entering the room. At the bottom of the cornice, and atits back, and at the greatest. convenient distance from the last-described perforations, another series of perforations is furnished by fixing perforated zincfor4 other gauze-like material, to the cornice, the said zinc or gauze being let into the plaster or wall. and extending the whole length of the cornice, excepting that `necessary distance beyond the valve-w idth which .shall insure that the cold air does not get access till it has received a direction along the' cornice. i

Apartition or diaphragm, extending the whole length of the cornice, separates that part of the cornice into which the upper perforations open from that into which the lower perforations open. The cornice thus constitutes tivo independent channels, inta which the tivo series of perforations described open respectively.

I will call that compartment into which the top perforations open, the upper channel, and that into which the lower perforations open, the bottom channel.

The upper channel is put into-communication with the chimney of the room, or with any flue with an ude-` quate draught, and the lower 'channel is put into communication with the external air, either directly or through y any convenientcorridor or'passage, or with a hall or lobby, to provide a change Aof air. Either or both-of the said channels may be'provided rwith Aa valve, to which a cord or chain is attached, and capable of being fixed in various positions, soas to open, more or less, the said valves, as required.

The action of the apparatus is as follows: I t i i i Iy opening thevalve or valves, the hot and vitiated air which accumulates atthe upper part ofthe room or building passes in'to the upper channel, and from thence to the chimney or flue, While an equal quantity ofY fresh air enters the room or building through the lower channel, and ventilation` to the required extent is. thereby effected. In large rooms or buildings where tllere'is no chimney, the channels described are made to o ycommunicate with the atmosphere by means of passages.

My invention isespecially applicable to theventilation oflthe rooms of dwellinghouses, but is lalso appli.- Y

cable to the ventilation of- Workshops, oiices, and large public buildings. v Figure 1 represents,iin vertical section, an arrangement of my invention, suitable for abcd-chamber or other room hav-ing no chimney, and whcrethe cornice is below the line ofthe Wall-plate.

Figure 2 represents, in vertical section, my invention applied to a room where the cornice is above the 'wall-plate. i I t In the arrangements, figs. 1 and 2, the hot-air channel opens between the ridge-tiles at the summit 'of the roof. In both the figures the letters 'a and l show, respectively, 'the cold and hot-air passages. The cornice, in the upper and lower parts of which the said channels b and a open, is marked c.

The separate figures, 3, 4, and 5,'show elevations and sections of different ways of carrying my invention l into effect. i

In iig. 3, the hota1r channel b, at the top of the cornice c, is separated from the cold-air channelct by the intermediate ornamental work d. In iig. 4, the hot-air channell b' and the cold-air'channel a occupy nearly the whole of the cornice c, andare covered with the plaster orfother ornamental work of the cornice. In ng. 5, the hot-air channel b, and the cold-air channel a, together, malte up the cornice, the sectional figure of vthe said channels being ornamental, aud requiring no ornamentaladdition to complete thc cornice. -.In ull cases the perforations or openings in the channels a and Z, by which the said channels communicate, respectively, with the air of the room, consist of smallornamental or other perforations, or of openingsiu which wire gauze or perforated met-al or material is inserted.

i By an examination of the drawing, it will be seen that the hotair channel is always situated at the highest convenient point of the cornice, and the cold-air channel atthe lowest. The cornice made according to my invention extends, by preference, all round the room, and the entrance of fresh air and the exit of hot and vitiated air take place simultaneously all round the room. Where, however, for any reason, it is inconvenient to construct the/cornice all round the room, as described, the ventilation of the room maybe satisfactorily effected by making the cornice on one or two or three sides of the room only.

In 'gs. 3, 4, and 5, the arrows indicate the respective directions of the two currents of air, the arrows ydirected towards the cornice indicating the path of the hot and vitiated air, and the arrows directed awayfrom the cornice indicating the path of the fresh and cool air. i

Although I prefer to make the two indcpendent-channels in vor foi-u1 the cornice, as hereinbefore described,

and illustrated in the drawing, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as two independent tubular channels, of the construction hereinbefore described, may be placed outside the cornice,l or at the highest convenient part o'f the room or building; that is to say, the tubular channels, placed yrelatively to each other, as hercinbefore described, and provided throughout their length with wire ganse, or a series of perforations, shall extend along one, two, or more sides of the room, in order to take up at all points the vitiated air, and to discharge the fresh air, not at one point, but throughout the length of the fresh-air channel, and in a divided statc,'so 'as to prevent the draught consequent upon the drawing off or the entrance ofair at one point only..

Figure 6 represents, in perspective, one of the valves which I employ at the entrance of the cold-air and at the exit of the hot-air channels, for the purpose of regulating the amount of cold air admitted and of the hot air escaping. i y

The endless cord e passes over the pulleysfg h to the ap or valve t', to which itis fastened; from thence over the pulley 7c, and underneath the wall-pulley Z, to the pulley f. The wall-pulley Z has a screwat the bottom of it, by turning which the cord may be tightened or loosened. 'lhe valve remainsin any position in which it may be placed.

In ventilating underground railways, and other underground buildings, according to my invention, I provide, along the highest line of. the arch of the sub-way, a separate channel for collecting the vitiat'ed air. I maire thelsaid channel of a perforated tube, of any convenient'form, which said tube is connected-with vertical tubes opening to the external air atany convenient situation. These vertical tubes are covered by an inclined roof, under which there is suiicient space for the escape of the vitiatcd air. The said vertical tubes are situated in vertical shafts, between which shafts and the vertical tubes the cool and pure air may descend. The bottom of the annular spaccbetwcen the two tubes, that is, the space where Vthe'cool and fresh air enters the tunnel, may be closed by wire gauze, or other perforated material, to prevent the incoming or descending air causing dranghts.

In order to establish a sufficient draught in the vertical tubes, gas-flames are kept burning in the said tubes near their lower ends. In order that the incoming cool lair may not cool the hot-air funnel, and thereby retard the removal of the hot and vitiated air, I prefer to provide the said hot-air funnel, with a casing, to protect it yfrom the said cool air. I A. flap or door may be hinged to the hot-air tube under the gas-burners, to gain access to them, which flap or door may be glazed to light beneath it.

Having now described the nature of my invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to b e understood that I do` not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied without depart-ing from the -nature of my invention; butl I claim as my invention-.4

1. The improved method, hereindescribed, of Ventilating rooms and buildings, by constructing and arminging, at the' highest convenient part of the room or building, two independent or separate channels, extending -at different levels along one or more sides of the room or buildings, and provided throughout their length with ornamental or other perforations, or wire gauze, through which the vitiated air is drawn i'nto the upper channel, and the fresh air pass-es from the lower channel in the manner specified, whereby the room may be ventilated without creating a perceptible or injurious draught. l

2. The arrangement, intl1 e cornices of rooms or building, of two independent and separate Ventilatingchannels, and the ornamental or other perforations vor wire gauze with which the same areprovided, for dividing and distributing the nir drawn from and 'discharged into the placeto beventilated, in thel manner and for the purposes shown and set forth. i

. WILLIAM POTTS.

Witnesses:

H. II. 'Munnocinv B. WILLcox. 

